Sunday, 16 June 2013

Mumbai University | Chemical Engineering Branch | Second Year Semister-IV Subject Fluid Flow Operations | Guidance | Marks Distribution | List of Questions

Fluid Flow Operations

a) Nick Name by Student's :- FFO .

b) Short Information of Subject :-

i) Theory Examination :- 100 Marks.

1) Question paper will comprise of 7 questions, each carrying 20 marks.

2) Total 5 questions need to be solved.
3) Question No.1 will be compulsory and based on entire syllabus.
4) Remaining Questions will be randomly selected from all the Chapters and will be mixed in nature.

ii) Term Work :- 25 Marks.

The distribution of marks for the Term Work will be as follows :-

Attendance (Theory and Tutorial) : 05 marks.
Class Tutorials on entire syllabus : 10 marks.
Test (atleast 1) : 10 marks


iii) Practical :- 25 Marks.

As per the Mumbai University rules you will have to perform any one Experiment which will be given to you by the External Examiner from the Experiments that you have performed during Regular College Practicals.

Total Marks :- 150 Marks.

Fluid Flow Operations is a 60% Theory & 40% Numerical Subject, it’s slight hard to score well in this subject due to vast syllabus. This subject needs studying from the start itself, you can’t finish studying this subject during PL’s . It mostly includes the study of flow behaviour of fluids, various pumps, velocity equations etc.


c) Best Book to refer :- Multansir Kachwala

d) Short view of Syllabus :-

In all there are 10 Chapters in FFO :-
1)Fluid Statics
2) Fluid Flow Phenomena
3) Basic Equations of Fluid Flow
4) Incompressible flow in pipes and channels
5) Flow of compressible fluids
6) Newtonian and Newtonian fluids
7) Transportation and metric of fluid
8) Centrifugal Pump
9) Agitation and Mixing of liquid
10) Two Phase Flow

Fluid Flow Operations (FFO) Set of Questions(Theory & Numericals) :-

Reference Book :- Multansir Kachwala

      Chapter 1 – Fluid Statics
    1)    Define fluid and classify it
    2)    Derive an expression for Hydrostatic Equilibrium
    3)    Pressure measuring devices
    4)    Inclined single column manometer
    5)    Equation for pressure drop using differential manometer across 2 points in a pipeline.
    6)    Bourdon pressure guage
Sum no. 3 Pg No.27
Sum no. 4 Pg No.28

Chapter 2 - Fluid Flow Phenomena
    1)    Derive the mathematical expression to obtain Boundary layer development, Momentum thickness, Energy thickness & Displacement thickness.
    2)    Define the term Transition length.What is the transition length for a straight pipe with turbulent flow.

       Chapter 3 - Basic Equations of Fluid Flow
    1)    Continuity Equation
    2)    Euler’s Equation
    3)    Modified Bernoulli’s Equation
Sum no. 4 Pg No.60
Sum no. 6 Pg No.72

       Chapter 4 - Incompressible flow in pipes and channels
    1)    Derive an expression for velocity distribution for laminar flow through pipe.
    2)    Universal velocity distribution equation
    3)    Friction factor chart OR Moody diagram
    4)    Effect of roughness parameter on friction factor
    5)    What is meant by head loss due to friction in pipe.What are various types of losses occurring in pipe.How it is calculated.Express various empirical formulas.
Sum no. 1 Pg No.113
Sum no. 2 Pg No.128
Sum no. 4 Pg No.135

       Chapter 5 - Flow of compressible fluids
    1)    Prove that the velocity of a sound wave in a compressible fluid is given by C = ( k/p )1/2
    2)    Define mach number and show by means of diagram the nature of propogation of disturbance in incompressible flow when the mach number is less than 1,is equal to 1 & is greater than 1.
Sum no. 4 Pg No.155
Sum no. 4 Pg No.171

       Chapter 6 - Newtonian and Newtonian fluids
    1)    Forces acting on a particle moving through a fluid
    2)    Explain Fluidisation.Maximum & Minimum fluidisation
Sum no. 1 Pg No.208

       Chapter 7 - Transportation and metric of fluid
    1)    Different types of valves used in industries
    2)    Different types of pumps
    3)    Classification of compressors and short note on it
    4)    Flow measuring devices & insertion meter
    5)    Venturimeter
    6)    Rotameter
    7)    Pitot tube
    8)    Difference between operating principles of head flow meter and variable area flowrate.
Sum no. 3 Pg No.240
Sum no. 6 Pg No.243

       Chapter 8 - Centrifugal Pump
    1)    Parts of centrifugal pump & it’s working
    2)    Characteristic curves of centrifugal pumps
    3)    Cavitation
    4)    Priming
    5)    NPSH & NPSHR
Sum no. 1 Pg No.268
Sum no. 3 Pg No.275

       Chapter 9 - Agitation and Mixing of liquid
    1)    Classification of impellers
    2)    Power curves for baffled & unbaffled tank
    3)    Helical blade mixer
    4)    Different flow patterns in mixing
    5)    Give typical proportion of tank & impeller dimension
Sum no. 4 Pg No.327

       Chapter 10 - Two Phase Flow
    1)    Baker’s diagram
    2)    Two phase flow
   
If there is any difficulty finding any Answer please do mention it in comment,Chemavishkar will soon respond you.

Friday, 14 June 2013

Mumbai University | Chemical Engineering Branch | Second Year Semister-IV Subject Material Science & Technology | Guidance | Marks Distribution | List of Questions

Material Science & Technology

a) Nick Name by Student's :- MST .

b) Short Information of Subject :-

i) Theory Examination :- 100 Marks.

1) Question paper will comprise of 7 questions, each carrying 20 marks.

2) Total 5 questions need to be solved.
3) Question No.1 will be compulsory and based on entire syllabus.
4) Remaining Questions will be randomly selected from all the Chapters and will be mixed in nature.

ii) Term Work :- 25 Marks.

The distribution of marks for the Term Work will be as follows :-

Attendance (Theory and Tutorial) : 05 marks.
Class Tutorials on entire syllabus : 10 marks.
Test (atleast 1) : 10 marks

Total Marks :- 125 Marks.

Material Science & Technology is a 100% Theory Subject and can help you to score well. Max to Max 2 Numerical Problems of 5 marks each may appear. Studying well this subject will help you to greatly enhance your Percentage . It mostly includes the Physics related topics which you have studied in your lower classes such as Ceramics, Glass, Refractories, Semiconductors, Fractures, Thermoelectricity, Creep, Scrodinger equations, Corrosion, Ferromagnetism, Packing Densities, Pauli Exclusion Principles, X-Rays, Miller Indices etc.


c) Best Book to refer :- There is no proper book for MST so you will have to Borrow Notes from your Seniors.



Material Science & Technology (MST) Set of Questions :-

Reference Book :- Notes from seniors

1.What is Creep ? Explain it's mechanism.
2.What are Crystal Imperfections ? Explain one of the Imperfection in detail.
3.Derive Schrodinger Wave Equation ?
4.What is Corrosion ? How will you prevent it ?
5.What is Thermoelectricity ? Explain Seeback and Peltier effect.
6.What is Ferromagnetic material ? Explain Weiss's theory on it.
7.What is Ferromagnetism ? Compare it with Paramagnetism and Dimagnetism.
8.What are the different types of bonds observed in materials ? Explain one of them in detail.
9.What is X-ray diffraction ? Derive Bragg's Equation for X-ray diffraction.
10.What are Superconductors ? Explain their types and properties.
11.What are Miller Indices ? Derive the relation between Miller Indices and Interplanar distance of plane.
12.State and Explain Pauli's Exclusion Principle.
13. What are Ceramics ? Explain their structure and properties.
14.What is Glass ? Explain it's properties along with it's Engineering Applications.
15.What are Refractories ? Explain their properties and give their Applications.
16.Find Packing Densities for F.C.C. ,B.C.C. ,and S.C. structures.
17.What are dielectric materials ? Discuss their properties.
18.What is Dislocation ? Explain Edge and Screw Dislocation.Also explain Berger's vector.
19.What is Fracture ? Discuss different types of Fractures in materials.
20.What are Semiconductors ? Explain extrinsic and intrinsic semiconductors with energy level diagrams.
21.Write short note on Band Model of Conductivity.
22.Write Short Notes on :-
a)Ionisation Potential and Electron Affinity.
b)Unit cell and Lattice space.
c)Metallically bonded structures.
d)Molecularly bonded structures.
e)Ferrous and Non-ferrous materials.
f)Griffith's theory.
g)Quantum Numbers.
i)Give classification of Magnetic materials. Explain Magnetic Hysterisis
If there is any difficulty finding any Answer please do mention it in comment,Chemavishkar will soon respond you.

Mumbai University | Chemical Engineering Branch | Second Year Semister-IV Subject Plant Utilities | Guidance | Marks Distribution | List of Questions

Plant Utilities

a) Nick Name by Student's :- PU .

b) Short Information of Subject :-

i) Theory Examination :- 100 Marks.

1) Question paper will comprise of 7 questions, each carrying 20 marks.

2) Total 5 questions need to be solved.
3) Question No.1 will be compulsory and based on entire syllabus.
4) Remaining Questions will be randomly selected from all the Chapters and will be mixed in nature.

ii) Term Work :- 25 Marks.

The distribution of marks for the Term Work will be as follows :-

Attendance (Theory and Tutorial) : 05 marks.
Class Tutorials on entire syllabus : 10 marks.
Test (atleast 1) : 10 marks

Total Marks :- 125 Marks.

PLANT UTILITIES is also almost a Theory Subject and can help you to score well. Max to Max 3 - 4 Numerical Problems may appear. Studying well this subject will help you to enhance your Percentage . It mostly includes the Thermodynamics related topics such as various Boilers,Cooling Towers,Refrigeration Cycles,Waste Water Treatment Processes,Flaring & Venting Operations,Compressors,Plant Utilities,Drying Operations etc.


c) Best Book to refer :- Ashutosh Pandey , Also Borrow Notes from your Seniors.


 Plant Utilities (PU) Set of Questions :-

Reference Book :- Ashutosh Pandey / Notes from seniors

1.Explain Flaring and Venting Operations in a Chemical Industry. 
2.Explain Ion-Exchange process for Deminerisation of water .
3.Explain Lime soda process of water treatment.
4.Explain Vapour compression refrigeration system.Derive it's COP.
5.Explain Vapour absorption refrigeration system.Derive it's COP.
6.Explain different types of Cooling Water Systems.
7.Explain the 4 types of cooling towers. (The 4 types of cooling towers are Atmospheric,Natural draft,Induced draft,forced draft)
8.Explain Fire Water Systems.
9. List and Explain different accessories of boiler.
10.Difference Between Fire Tube and Water Tube Boilers.
11.Differences Between :-
a)Process and utility fluid
b)Process & Instrumentation air.
12.Explain the Distribution of Steam in Chemical Industry.
13.Explain Various Air Drying Methods.
14.Obtain an expression for Work done in a single stage and Double stage compressor.
15.Write a short Note on Thermic Fluid Heating System.
16.Give Industrial significance of the vaccum,commonly used vaccum generating systems and their Applications.(Vaccum genrating systems are Diffusion Pump and Steam Jet Ejector).
17.Explain working and principle of Steam Jet Ejector.
18.Explain working and principle of Diffusion Pump.
19.Explain Various Utilities & their Applications.
20.Explain the effect of using Hard water as a Boiler feed water.
21.Write desired properties of a good refrigerant.
22.What is Boiler Efficiency ? What are the different losses occuring in a boiler? How to increase boiler efficiency ?
If there is any difficulty finding any Answer please do mention it in comment,Chemavishkar will soon respond you.

Thin Layer Chromatography - TLC

Thin Layer Chromatography
·        Chromatography is basically a technique used in the laboratory for the separation of mixtures.
·        Thin Layer Chromatograpgy(TLC) comes under Adsorption type of chromatography in which stationary phase is a solid and the mobile phase can be a liquid or a gas.
·        In this technique separation of components takes place on the basis of their Adsorption Coefficients.

The Procedure involves following steps :-

1) Preparation of Chromatoplate :-
·        Generally a slurry of silica gel or alumina in chloroform or carbontetra chloride is prepared.
·        A little of calcium sulphate is added to it which acts as a binding agent.
·        A thin layer of this slurry is applied on a Glass Slide by immersing the slide in the slurry.
·        The thin layer is made uniform by using another glass plate.
·        This prepared glass plate is called as Chromatoplate.

2) Application of sample on Chromatoplate :-
·        A very dilute solution of the sample is prepared by dissolving the sample in some suitable solvent.
·        This solution is applied on the chromatoplate with the help of capillary in the form of drop.
·        2-3 drops of sample are applied on it.
·        The direct contact of the capillary with the thin layer is avoided to prevent the damaging of the thin layer.

3)  Development Procedure :-
·        Now the chromatoplate is placed in a rectangular developing jar containing developing solvent at it’s bottom.
·        The three sides of the developing jar are lined with solvent immersed filter paper strips.
·        The top is covered tightly.
·        After the developing solvent has reached almost the another end of the chromatoplate, the chromatoplate is taken out of the developing jar.
·        During this development the different components of the sample gets separated according to their adsorption coefficients.

      4) Identification of components :-
·        On drying the chromatoplate the different components appear in the form of coloured spots.
·        If they are not visible then the chromatoplate is exposed to UV radiations or concentrated acids or strong oxidising agents can be sprayed on it.
·        The identification is done by determining the Rvalue of the component as :-
·        R = Distance travelled by solute / Distance travelled by solvent

Applications of TLC :-
·        TLC is widely used for qualitative analysis of organic and inorganic solvents.
·        TLC is also used for identification of compounds in drugs , biochemicals etc.
·        With TLC one can detect trace pesticides in water.
·        In forensic laboratory, as an analyst to identify the presence of drugs , poisons etc.
·        This technique can be used for the separation of components.
·        TLC can also used to check the purity of the sample.

Advantages of TLC :-
·        TLC is faster,superior,versatile and reproducible technique than Paper Chromatography.
·        It can be carried out with minimum sample just 0.1% .
·        Due to solid used as stationary phase the spots remain compact and does not spread.
·        Seperations are sharper in TLC.
·        Development time is shorter
·        Equipments used are simple.

Disadvantages of TLC :-
·        TLC cannot serve as record or proof whereas PaperChromatography can serve as records.Due to adsorption of components on silica gel some catalytic reaction may take place.

Thursday, 13 June 2013

Bollman Extractor OR Basket Extractor

Bollman Extractor OR Basket Extractor

·        One of the very oldest continuous extractor and still listed among the best is the Bollman Extractor.
·        The Bollman Extractor was invented by H. Bollman in Germany in 1920.
·        Bollman Extractor is mainly used for the recovery of additional oil from the residues obtained after mechanical pressing of solids.
·        The Bollman Extractor essentially consists of a vapour tight vertical chamber in which a series of perforated baskets are attached to a chain conveyor.
·        The baskets are provided with perforations at the bottom.
·        At the top right hand corner of the extractor solids are conveyed in to the perforated baskets.
·        The baskets are loaded with flaky solids.
·        These fully loaded baskets are then sprayed with Half Miscella as they travel downward through the right hand side.
·        Half Miscella is the intermediate solvent containing some extracted oil and some small solid particles.
·        As the solids and solvent flow co-currently down the right hand side of the machine, the solvent extracts more oil.
·        Simultaneously the fine solids are filtered out of the solvent, so that the clean full miscella can be pumped from the outlet provided at the right hand bottom.
·        Then as these partially extracted solids rise through the left hand side of the machine a stream of pure solvent is sprayed on them to obtain a dilute solution of the oil (half miscella) at the bottom of the chamber.
·        This pure solvent percolates counter-currently through them and collects in the left hand sump which is then passed to the Half Miscella storage tank.
·        The fully extracted solids are then dumped from the baskets at the top of the elevator to the hoppers from which they are removed by Screw Conveyors.
·        Usually the conveyor speed is one revolution per hour.